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John Balliol
:''For the father of the king, see John I de Balliol. For the 1825 play, see John Balliol (play).''
John Balliol〔(Stevenson, Joseph. ''Documents illustrative of the history of Scotland Volume 2''. )〕〔(Hary, Blind. ''The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace''. )〕 ( – 25 November 1314), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296. Little is known of his early life. After the presumptive heir to King Alexander III died, Balliol was chosen as the new King of Scotland by a group of auditors. Edward I of England constantly tried to undermine his reign and demanded that Balliol treat Scotland as a vassal state. As a result, the Scottish grew tired of him and appointed a council of twelve to rule instead. This council signed a treaty with France known as the Auld Alliance.
In retaliation, Edward invaded Scotland, starting the Scottish Wars of Independence. After a Scottish defeat in 1296, Balliol abdicated and was imprisoned in the Tower of London. Eventually, Balliol was sent to France, and made no effort to help the Scots. Scotland was then left without a monarch until Robert the Bruce ascended in 1306.
==Name==
In Norman French his name was ''Jehan de Bailleul'', in Middle Scots it was ''Jhon Ballioun'', and in Scottish Gaelic, Iain Bailiol. In Scots he was known by the nickname Toom Tabard, usually understood to mean "empty coat", with the word coat referring to coat of arms.〔This translation is disputed.〕
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